Gumma rock salt: A precious treasure in Himachal’s Jogindernagar that once triggered wars

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Mandi (Munish Sood)

Nestled amid the scenic mountains of Himachal Pradesh, Gumma village lies about 9 km from Jogindernagar on the Mandi-Pathankot National Highway.
Historically, this small village was renowned across India for its unique rock salt, famously known as Gumma Namak. Esteemed for its distinctive taste and medicinal properties, Gumma Salt was not just a regional treasure but also a significant commodity on a national scale.

2 famous rock salt treasures in Mandi

Himachal Pradesh boasts two significant sources of rock salt in Gumma and Drang, both situated in the Mandi district. These mines are believed to be the only known reserves of rock salt in India. The history of Gumma rock salt dates back to ancient times when it was considered a prized resource.
In the princely era, the Gumma mines became a point of contention, often leading to disputes and battles among local rulers. Despite these conflicts, historical records reveal that the mines largely remained under the control of the Mandi princely state.
Following India’s Independence, the Government of India took charge of these mines and in 1963, they were handed over to M/s Hindustan Salts Limited for organised salt production.
However, a massive landslide later rendered the Gumma mines inaccessible, bringing production to a halt. While the mines in Gumma ceased operations, salt extraction continues at the Drang mines, approximately 35 km away.

Chemically superior and unique

Studies and chemical analyses have consistently affirmed the superior quality of Gumma rock salt. Geological assessments and drilling data reveal that the region is predominantly composed of salt deposits, with an average salt content exceeding 70%.
The salt is enriched with potassium and magnesium, while insoluble impurities account for just 21%.
Rock salt, in general, contains 90% to 98% sodium chloride, and Gumma’s deposits are no exception, with some brine concentrations exceeding 200,000 mg/l — significantly saltier than seawater.
These attributes make Gumma salt not only a flavorful addition to food but also a mineral-rich option with potential health benefits.

Cultural and regional significance

The legacy of Gumma salt is deeply intertwined with the traditions and culture of Himachal Pradesh. For centuries, the Gaddi community traversed the region with their sheep and goats, halting at Gumma to collect salt for personal use and for their livestock.
This practice is immortalised in local folklore, music, and traditions, reflecting the salt’s integral role in the lives of the people.
Historically, travellers from as far as the Kullu Valley and beyond undertook arduous journeys to procure this precious mineral. It wasn’t just a dietary staple but also used to maintain the health of cattle and livestock, further underlining its importance in the agrarian lifestyle of the region.

Current scenario: Gumma salt in water

Though rock salt is no longer mined in Gumma, the village continues to provide its famed salt in an unusual form — salty water. Natural springs in Gumma carry the legacy of the rock salt, offering visitors a chance to experience its unique taste.
Locals and tourists alike collect this water in bottles, preserving a piece of the region’s history. At the Drang mines, efforts to revive rock salt production have seen success in recent years.
After reopening in 2020, the mines now produce around 1,500 tonnes of salt annually, ensuring the continued availability of this historically significant resource.

MUNISH SOOD

MUNISH SOOD

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