DHARAMSHALA: Sanatan, profoundly depicting Hinduism, is one of the world’s oldest religions, with its origin tracing back over 4,000 years to the Indus Valley Civilisation.
More than just a religion, it is a divine and spiritual tradition that is best described as a way of life. Unlike many faiths, Sanatan has no single founder or central authority. Instead, it embraces a vast and diverse range of beliefs, practices and philosophies.
Its foundation rests on timeless principles and sacred texts that have inspired generations to live meaningful and purposeful lives.
At its core, Sanatan is built upon four key concepts:
• Dharma: Ethical duty aligned with one’s role in society and personal life.
• Karma: The law of present actions shaping future consequences, including reincarnation.
• Moksha: Liberation from the cycle of birth and death, attained through spiritual realisation.
• Brahman: The universal consciousness, encompassing belief in deities like Vishnu, Shiva and Shakti.
Timeless philosophy based on ethical, spiritual principles
Sanatan has a wide range of religious texts, composed by sages (Rishis) and scholars since time immemorial. Many of these scriptures have been carefully preserved, while others have been passed down orally through generations.
These sacred writings form the spiritual and philosophical foundation of the tradition. Some of the most prominent texts and inscriptions include:
Vedas: The most ancient scriptures of Sanatan Dharma — Rig, Sama, Yajur and Atharva — contain detailed knowledge of rituals, spiritual philosophies and various aspects of life.
Epics: The Mahabharata and Ramayana continue to impart the timeless values of dharma (righteousness) and human ethics, guiding countless generations.
Upanishads: These are philosophical teachings delivered by enlightened sages and gurus, playing a vital role in shaping the spiritual and cultural heritage of Sanatan Dharma.
Bhagavad Gita: A sacred dialogue between Lord Krishna and Arjuna, the Gita reflects themes of devotion, sacrifice and unwavering commitment to truth and duty, regardless of the challenges faced.
Spiritual wisdom that aligns with modern thought
Sanatan Dharma, with over 1.2 billion followers, primarily in India, Nepal and across the global diaspora, influences art, architecture and the social fabric of communities.
Its principle of Ahimsa (non-violence) inspired global leaders like Martin Luther King Jr., Nelson Mandela and Mahatma Gandhi, who drew strength from Sanatan values to sustain themselves during their struggles for justice and human rights.
Despite facing societal challenges such as the caste system, Sanatan’s adaptability has ensured its continued relevance and resilience. Through its profound spiritual depth and enduring principles, Sanatan has left a lasting impression on humanity.
How Sanatan Dharma continues to shape world
Philosophical & spiritual impact: Sanatan encompasses a diverse yet interconnected range of philosophies such as Advaita Vedanta and Dvaita, offering understanding of universal concepts like dharma, karma and moksha that promote ethical growth and spiritual living.
Cultural renaissance: Sanatan has survived for over 4,000 years, enduring invasions, colonialism and oppression. Despite these challenges, it has preserved its core essence.
Global exposure: Practices rooted in Sanatan Dharma, such as yoga and meditation, are now embraced by millions across the globe. Renowned figures like Swami Vivekananda played a pivotal role in spreading its spiritual wisdom worldwide. A testament to its global presence is the recent construction of a Hindu temple in the UAE.
Scientific and ecological insights: Sanatan philosophy often resonates with modern scientific thinking. The Nasadiya Sukta from the Rig Veda contemplates the origins of the universe in ways strikingly similar to the Big Bang Theory. Additionally, Ayurveda, rooted in ancient Sanatan texts, promotes a holistic approach to health.
Nature worship: Reverence for nature in religious scriptures encourage ecological consciousness through the worship of natural elements — such as rivers like the Ganga, sacred trees like the Peepal and animals, including the cow.
Deeply influencing India’s cultural identity
Sanatan’s place in modern India is multifaceted, deeply influencing the nation’s cultural identity while also maintaining a strong global presence.
Its rich heritage is vividly expressed through festivals like Diwali, Holi and Durga Puja, which unite India’s diverse regional communities in shared celebration and tradition.
Sanatan today serves not only as a spiritual and cultural foundation but also as a dynamic force that helps shape national policies and public discourse.
Shrey Awasthi
